堅(jiān)持”可以譯作adhere to, persevere in, persist in, hold on to, stick to, keep to等。
如：adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zetong Thought.
adhering to a coordinated and balanced program of development
persevere in the pursuit of one central task and two basic points
persisting in reform and opening up
hold on to socialism
stick to this attitude
keep to the socialist orientation
Adhere to的意思是“堅(jiān)持維護(hù)，支持”，“信仰堅(jiān)定”，“忠實(shí)于”，如：adhere to principle/belief/ideas/opinion/promise/plan/program, “堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線”可譯作adhere to the Party's basic line, “堅(jiān)持無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)國(guó)際主義”可譯作adhere to proletarian internationalism.
Persevere in 和persist in 一般用于行動(dòng)，都有"“在困難或遭到反對(duì)的情況下堅(jiān)持”的意思；但persevere in 帶褒義，表示“不屈不撓”，而persist in帶貶義，表示“頑固，不聽(tīng)開(kāi)導(dǎo)或勸告”，如：
Perseverance means success.
persevere in one's studies/armed struggle
persist in one's errors/asking insulting questions
Hold on to的意思是“抓住不放”，用于beliefs, ideas, principles時(shí)表示“堅(jiān)持信仰，堅(jiān)持原則和觀點(diǎn)”，即使他人影響或情況使人產(chǎn)生懷疑，也不改變或放棄，如：
hold on to one's views
Stick to 的意思是“粘住，不離”；和choice, decision, principle, belief等詞連用時(shí)，也有“不變，不放棄”，“堅(jiān)持”的意思。
Keep to 有“不背離”，“不違背”，“遵守”的意思，如：
keep to the main road
keep to prearranged plan/schedule/promise
Keep to 用于decision, belief, rules時(shí)有“堅(jiān)持”的意思。
此外，“堅(jiān)持”也可譯作insist on, keep up, uphold等。 Insist on 多用于意見(jiàn)，主張，如：
We insist on an interview before we accept any MA candidates.
She insisted on her innocence.
He insisted on going there alone.
Keep up的意思是“繼續(xù)”，如：
keep up one's studies/piano practice/the attack/the struggle/propaganda/criticism/the good work/the efforts/the customs of one's native land/regular payments/a friendship
Uphold的意思是“支持”，“贊同”，可和law, principle, system, practice連用。“我們黨堅(jiān)持辨證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義的世界觀”可譯作Our Party upholds dialectical materialism and historical materialism as its world outlook.
