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中華人民共和國(guó)兵役法
Military Service Law of the People's Republic of China
第一條 根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)憲法第五十五條“保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)、抵抗侵略是中華人民共和國(guó)每一個(gè)公民的神圣職責(zé)。依照法律服兵役和參加民兵組織是中華人民共和國(guó)公民的光榮義務(wù)”和其他有關(guān)條款的規(guī)定，制定本法。
Article 1. This Law is formulated pursuant to Article 55 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, which stipulates, " It is the sacred duty of every citizen of the People's Republic of China to defend the motherland and resist aggression. It is the honourable duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to perform military service and join the militia in accordance with the law, " and in accordance with other relevant provisions of the Constitution.
第二條 中華人民共和國(guó)實(shí)行義務(wù)兵役制為主體的義務(wù)兵與志愿兵相結(jié)合、民兵與預(yù)備役相結(jié)合的兵役制度。
Article 2. The People's Republic of China shall practise a military service system which is based mainly on conscription and which combines conscripts with volunteers and a militia with a reserve service.
第三條 中華人民共和國(guó)公民，不分民族、種族、職業(yè)、家庭出身、宗教信仰和教育程度，都有義務(wù)依照本法的規(guī)定服兵役。
Article 3. All citizens of the People's Republic of China, regardless of ethnic status, race, occupation, family background, religious belief and education, have the obligation to perform military service according to the provisions of this Law.
有嚴(yán)重生理缺陷或者嚴(yán)重殘疾不適合服兵役的人，免服兵役。
Exemptions from military service shall be granted to persons unfit for it due to serious physical defects or serious deformities.
依照法律被剝奪政治權(quán)利的人，不得服兵役。
Persons deprived of political rights by law may not perform military service.
第四條 中華人民共和國(guó)武裝力量，由中國(guó)人民解放軍、中國(guó)人民武裝警察部隊(duì)和民兵組成。
Article 4. The armed forces of the People's Republic of China shall be composed of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the Chinese People's Armed Police Force and the Militia.
第五條 兵役分為現(xiàn)役和預(yù)備役。在中國(guó)人民解放軍服現(xiàn)役的稱現(xiàn)役軍人；編入民兵組織或者經(jīng)過(guò)登記服預(yù)備役的稱預(yù)備役人員。
Article 5. The military service shall comprise an active service and a reserve service. Those serving in the Chinese People's Liberation Army are active servicemen while those regimented into militia organizations or registered in the reserve service are reservists.
第六條 現(xiàn)役軍人和預(yù)備役人員，必須遵守憲法和法律，履行公民的義務(wù)，同時(shí)享有公民的權(quán)利；由于服兵役而產(chǎn)生的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，除本法的規(guī)定外，另由軍事條令規(guī)定。
Article 6. The active servicemen and reservists must abide by the Constitution and the law, and shall perform their duties and at the same time enjoy their rights as citizens; their rights and duties resulting from their joining the military service shall be specified separately in military regulations in addition to the provisions of this Law.
第七條 現(xiàn)役軍人必須遵守軍隊(duì)的條令和條例，忠于職守，隨時(shí)為保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)而戰(zhàn)斗。
Article 7. Active servicemen must abide by the rules and regulations of the army, faithfully discharge their duties and always be ready to fight for the defence of the motherland.
預(yù)備役人員必須按照規(guī)定參加軍事訓(xùn)練，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備參軍參戰(zhàn)，保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)。
Reservists must participate in military training according to the regulations and always be ready to join the army and take part in war for the defence of the motherland.
第八條 現(xiàn)役軍人和預(yù)備役人員建立功勛的，得授予勛章、獎(jiǎng)?wù)禄蛘邩s譽(yù)稱號(hào)。
Article 8. Medals, decorations or titles of honour shall be given to active servicemen and reservists who perform meritorious deeds.
第九條 中國(guó)人民解放軍實(shí)行軍銜制度。
Article 9. The People's Liberation Army shall practise a system of military ranks.
第十條 全國(guó)的兵役工作，在國(guó)務(wù)院、中央軍事委員會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，由國(guó)防部負(fù)責(zé)。
Article 10. Responsibility for military service work throughout the country shall be assumed by the Ministry of National Defence under the leadership of the State Council and the Central Military Commission.
各軍區(qū)按照國(guó)防部賦予的任務(wù)，負(fù)責(zé)辦理本區(qū)域的兵役工作。
The military commands shall be responsible for military service work within their respective areas as assigned by the Ministry of National Defence.
省軍區(qū)（衛(wèi)戌區(qū)、警備區(qū)）、軍分區(qū)（警備區(qū)）和縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民武裝部，兼各該級(jí)人民政府的兵役機(jī)關(guān)，在上級(jí)軍事機(jī)關(guān)和同級(jí)人民政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，負(fù)責(zé)辦理本區(qū)域的兵役工作。
The provincial commands ( garrison commands ), sub-commands (garrison commands) and the departments of people's armed forces of counties, autonomous counties, cities and municipal districts shall concurrently act as the military service organs of the people's governments at the corresponding levels and shall be responsible for military service work in their respective areas under the leadership of military organs at higher levels and the people's governments at corresponding levels.
機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、企業(yè)事業(yè)單位和鄉(xiāng)、民族鄉(xiāng)、鎮(zhèn)的人民政府，依照本法的規(guī)定完成兵役工作任務(wù)。兵役工作業(yè)務(wù)，在設(shè)有人民武裝部的單位，由人民武裝部辦理；不設(shè)人民武裝部的單位，確定一個(gè)部門(mén)辦理。
Government organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions and the people's governments of townships, nationality townships, and towns shall carry out military service work according to the provisions of this Law. Professional work concerning military service shall be handled by the department of people's armed forces or by a designated department where there is no such department.
第二章 平時(shí)征集
CHAPTER II ENLISTMENT IN PEACE TIME
第十一條 全國(guó)每年征集服現(xiàn)役的人數(shù)、要求和時(shí)間，由國(guó)務(wù)院和中央軍事委員會(huì)的命令規(guī)定。
Article 11. The number of citizens to be enlisted for active service each year, the requirements for them to be enlisted and the time schedule for enlistment shall be prescribed by order of the State Council and the Central Military Commission.
第十二條 每年十二月三十一日以前年滿十八歲的男性公民，應(yīng)當(dāng)被征集服現(xiàn)役。當(dāng)年未被征集的，在二十二歲以前，仍可以被征集服現(xiàn)役。
Article 12. Each year, male citizens who have reached 18 years of age by December 31 shall be enlisted for active service. Those who are not enlisted during the year shall remain eligible for active service until they are 22.
根據(jù)軍隊(duì)需要，可以按照前未規(guī)定征集女性公民服現(xiàn)役。
To meet the needs of the armed forces, female citizens may be enlisted for active service according to the provision of the preceding paragraph.
根據(jù)軍隊(duì)需要和自愿的原則，可以征集當(dāng)年十二月三十一日以前未滿十八歲的男女公民服現(xiàn)役。
To meet the needs of the armed forces and on the principle of voluntary participation, male and female citizens who have not yet reached 18 years of age by December 31 of a certain year may be enlisted for active service.
第十三條 每年十二月三十一日以前年滿十八歲的男性公民，都應(yīng)當(dāng)在當(dāng)年九月三十日以前，按照縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的兵役機(jī)關(guān)的安排，進(jìn)行兵役登記。經(jīng)兵役登記和初步審查合格的，稱應(yīng)征公民。
Article 13. Each year, male citizens who will be 18 years old by December 31 shall be registered for military service by September 30 according to the arrangements of the military service organs of counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts. Those who have registered and have passed the preliminary examination are called citizens eligible for enlistment.
第十四條 在征集期間， 應(yīng)征公民應(yīng)當(dāng)按照縣、自治縣、 市、市轄區(qū)的兵役機(jī)關(guān)的通知，按時(shí)到指定的體格檢查站進(jìn)行體格檢查。
Article 14. During the period of enlistment, citizens eligible for enlistment shall, upon notification by the military service organs of counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts, go to the designated health centres in time for physical examination.
應(yīng)征公民符合服現(xiàn)役條件，并經(jīng)縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的兵役機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)的，被征集服現(xiàn)役。
Citizens eligible for enlistment who are qualified for active service shall be enlisted for such service upon approval by the military service organs of counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts.
第十五條 應(yīng)征公民是維持家庭生活的唯一勞動(dòng)力或者是正在全日制學(xué)校就學(xué)的學(xué)生，可以緩征。
Article 15. The enlistment of a citizen eligible for enlistment may be deferred if he is the only worker in his family providing its means of subsistence or if he is a student in a full-time school.
第十六條 應(yīng)征公民被羈押正在受偵查、起訴、審判的或者被判處徒刑、拘役、管制正在服刑的，不征集。
Article 16. A citizen eligible for enlistment shall not be enlisted if he is detained for investigation, prosecution or trial, or if he has been sentenced to imprisonment, criminal detention or public surveillance and is serving his sentence.
第三章 士兵的現(xiàn)役和預(yù)備役
CHAPTER III THE ACTIVE SERVICE AND RESERVE SERVICE OF SOLDIERS
第十七條 士兵包括義務(wù)兵和志愿兵。
Article 17. There shall be two types of soldiers: conscripts and volunteers.
第十八條 義務(wù)兵服現(xiàn)役的期限：陸軍三年；海軍、空軍四年。
Article 18. The term of service for conscripts shall be three years in the army and four years in the navy and the air force.
義務(wù)兵服現(xiàn)役期滿，根據(jù)軍隊(duì)的需要和本人自愿，可以超期服現(xiàn)役。超期服現(xiàn)役的期限：陸軍一年至二年；海軍、空軍一年。
Upon the expiration of his active service, a conscript may, according to the need of the armed forces and on a voluntary basis, extend his service. The extended period of service shall be one to two years in the army and one year in the navy and the air force.
第十九條 超期服現(xiàn)役的義務(wù)兵服現(xiàn)役滿五年，已成為專業(yè)技術(shù)骨干的，由本人申請(qǐng)，經(jīng)師級(jí)以上機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)，可以改為志愿兵。
Article 19. A conscript on extended active duty who has completed five years of active service and who has become professionally or technically skilled may, by his application and upon approval by a division headquarters or a higher organ, change to a volunteer.
志愿兵服現(xiàn)役的期限，從改為志愿兵之日算起，至少八年，不超過(guò)十二年，年齡不超過(guò)三十五歲；軍隊(duì)有特殊需要，本人自愿，經(jīng)軍級(jí)以上機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)，可以適當(dāng)延長(zhǎng)。
The term of active service for a volunteer shall be no less than eight years and no more than twelve years, counting from the day he changes to a volunteer, up to a maximum age of 35; the term may be extended appropriately upon approval by an army headquarters or a higher organ if the volunteer is specially needed in the armed forces and if he desires the extension.
第二十條 士兵服現(xiàn)役期滿，應(yīng)當(dāng)退出現(xiàn)役。因軍隊(duì)編制員額縮減需要退出現(xiàn)役的，經(jīng)軍隊(duì)醫(yī)院診斷證明本人健康狀況不適合繼續(xù)服現(xiàn)役的，或者因其他特殊原因需要退出現(xiàn)役的，經(jīng)師級(jí)以上機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)，可以提前退出現(xiàn)役。
Article 20. A soldier shall be discharged from active service upon the expiration of his term of active service. Those who have to be discharged from active service because of a reduction in the personnel of the armed forces, a condition of health unfit for continued service as diagnosed and certified by a hospital of the armed forces, or other special reasons may be discharged before the expiration of the terms of their active service upon approval by a division headquarters or a higher organ.
第二十一條 士兵退出現(xiàn)役時(shí)，符合預(yù)備役條件的，由部隊(duì)確定服士兵預(yù)備役；經(jīng)過(guò)考核，適合擔(dān)任軍官職務(wù)的，服軍官預(yù)備役。
Article 21. A soldier who is discharged from active service but is qualified for reserve service shall be assigned by his army unit to serve in the soldiers reserve; a soldier who is considered after assessment to be fit for the post of an officer shall serve in the officers reserve.
退出現(xiàn)役的士兵，由部隊(duì)確定服預(yù)備役的，在回到本人居住地以后的三十天內(nèi)，到當(dāng)?shù)乜h、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的兵役機(jī)關(guān)辦理預(yù)備役登記。
A soldier who is discharged from active service and assigned by his army unit to serve in the reserve shall, within thirty days of returning to his place of residence, register for reserve service with the military service organ of his county, autonomous county, city or municipal district.
第二十二條 按照本法第十三條規(guī)定經(jīng)過(guò)兵役登記的應(yīng)征公民，未被征集服現(xiàn)役的，服士兵預(yù)備役。
Article 22. Citizens eligible for enlistment who have registered for military service according to the provisions of Article 13 of this Law but who have not been enlisted for active service shall serve in the soldiers reserve.
第二十三條 士兵預(yù)備役的年齡，為十八歲至三十五歲。
Article 23. Persons serving in the soldiers reserve shall be aged between 18 and 35.
第二十四條 士兵預(yù)備役分為第一類和第二類。
Article 24. Persons in the soldiers' reserve shall be divided into two categories:
第一類士兵預(yù)備役包括下列人員：
Category One of the persons in the soldiers' reserve shall include:
（一）按照本法第三十八條規(guī)定編入基干民兵組織的人員；
(1) persons regimented into primary militia organizations pursuant to the provisions of Article 38 of this Law;
�。ǘ┰诓唤⒚癖M織的單位 ， 經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)備役登記的二十八歲以下的退出現(xiàn)役的士兵；
(2) soldiers under the age of 28 who have been discharged from active service and have registered for reserve service in work units where no militia organizations are to be established; and
�。ㄈ┙�(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)備役登記的二十八歲以下的專業(yè)技術(shù)人員。
(3) professional and technical personnel under the age of 28 who have registered for reserve service.
第二類士兵預(yù)備役包括下列人員：
Category Two of the persons in the soldiers reserve shall include:
�。ㄒ唬┌凑毡痉ǖ谌藯l規(guī)定編入普通民兵組織的人員；
(1) persons regimented into ordinary militia organizations pursuant to the provisions of Article 38 of this Law; and
（二）在不建立民兵組織的單位，經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)備役登記的二十九歲至三十五歲的退出現(xiàn)役的士兵，以及其他符合士兵預(yù)備役條件的男性公民。
(2) soldiers aged between 29 and 35 who have been discharged from active service and have registered for reserve service as well as other male citizens qualified for reserve service in work units where no militia organizations are to be established.
第一類預(yù)備役士兵，二十九歲轉(zhuǎn)入第二類預(yù)備役；第二類預(yù)備役士兵，三十五歲退出預(yù)備役。
Reserve soldiers in Category One shall be transferred to Category Two upon attaining the age of 29; those in Category Two shall be discharged from the reserve service at the age of 35.
第四章 軍官的現(xiàn)役和預(yù)備役
CHAPTER IV THE ACTIVE SERVICE AND RESERVE SERVICE OF OFFICERS
第二十五條 現(xiàn)役軍官由下列人員補(bǔ)充：
Article 25. Officers in active service shall be replenished with the following personnel:
�。ㄒ唬┸娛略盒．厴I(yè)的學(xué)員；
(1) graduates of military institutes and academies;
（二）在中央軍事委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)開(kāi)辦的培訓(xùn)軍官的機(jī)構(gòu)受訓(xùn)后，經(jīng)考核適合擔(dān)任軍官職務(wù)的士兵；
(2) soldiers who have been trained at officers training centres established with the approval of the Central Military Commission and who are considered after assessment to be fit for the posts of officers;
�。ㄈ└叩仍盒�、中等專業(yè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)的適合擔(dān)任軍官職務(wù)的學(xué)生；
(3) graduates of institutions of higher learning and secondary technical schools who are fit for officers posts; and
（四）軍隊(duì)的文職干部和個(gè)別接收的非軍事部門(mén)的專業(yè)技術(shù)人員。
(4) civilian cadres of the armed forces and professional and technical personnel recruited individually from non-military departments.
在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，現(xiàn)役軍官還由下列人員補(bǔ)充：
In wartime, officers in active service shall also be replenished with the following personnel:
�。ㄒ唬┛梢灾苯尤蚊鼮檐姽俚氖勘�
(1) soldiers who can be appointed directly as officers; and
�。ǘ┱髡俚念A(yù)備役軍官和適合服現(xiàn)役的非軍事部門(mén)的干部。
(2) reserve officers called into active service and cadres of non-military departments fit for active service.
第二十六條 預(yù)備役軍官包括下列人員：
Article 26. Officers in reserve service shall consist of the following:
（一）退出現(xiàn)役轉(zhuǎn)入預(yù)備役的軍官；
(1) officers who have been discharged from active service and transferred to reserve service;
�。ǘ┐_定服軍官預(yù)備役的退出現(xiàn)役的士兵；
(2) soldiers who have been discharged from active service and assigned to serve in the officers reserve;
�。ㄈ┐_定服軍官預(yù)備役的高等院校畢業(yè)學(xué)生；
(3) graduates of institutions of higher learning assigned to serve in the officers reserve;
�。ㄋ模┐_定服軍官預(yù)備役的專職人民武裝干部和民兵干部；
(4) full-time cadres of the departments of people's armed forces and cadres of the militia assigned to serve in the officers reserve; and
�。ㄎ澹┐_定服軍官預(yù)備役的非軍事部門(mén)的干部和專業(yè)技術(shù)人員。
(5) cadres and professional and technical personnel of non-military departments assigned to serve in the officers reserve.
第二十七條 軍官服現(xiàn)役和服預(yù)備役的最高年齡由中國(guó)人民解放軍軍官服役條例規(guī)定。
Article 27. The maximum age for officers in active and reserve services shall be stipulated in the Regulations of the Chinese People's Liberation Army on the Military Service of Officers.
第二十八條 現(xiàn)役軍官按照規(guī)定服役已滿最高年齡的，退出現(xiàn)役；未滿最高年齡因特殊情況需要退出現(xiàn)役的，經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)可以退出現(xiàn)役。
Article 28. Officers in active service who have attained the maximum age stipulated for such service shall be discharged from such service; those who have not attained the maximum age but have to be discharged from active service for special reasons may be discharged from such service with approval.
軍官退出現(xiàn)役時(shí)，符合服預(yù)備役條件的，轉(zhuǎn)入軍官預(yù)備役。
Officers discharged from active service may be transferred to the officers reserve if they are qualified to serve in the latter.
第二十九條 退出現(xiàn)役轉(zhuǎn)入預(yù)備役的軍官，退出現(xiàn)役確定服軍官預(yù)備役的士兵，以及確定服軍官預(yù)備役的高等院校畢業(yè)學(xué)生，在到達(dá)工作單位或者居住地以后的三十天內(nèi)，到當(dāng)?shù)乜h、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的兵役機(jī)關(guān)辦理預(yù)備役登記。
Article 29. Officers who have been discharged from active service and transferred to reserve service, soldiers who have been discharged from active service and assigned to serve in the officers reserve and graduates of institutions of higher learning assigned to serve in the officers reserve shall, within thirty days of their arrival at their places of work or residence, register for reserve service with the military service organs of their counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts.
適合擔(dān)任軍官職務(wù)的專職人民武裝干部、民兵干部、非軍事部門(mén)的干部和專業(yè)技術(shù)人員，由縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的兵役機(jī)關(guān)進(jìn)行登記，報(bào)請(qǐng)上級(jí)軍事機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)，服軍官預(yù)備役。
Full-time cadres of the departments of people's armed forces, cadres of the militia, and cadres and professional and technical personnel of non-military departments fit for officers' posts shall serve in the officers' reserve through registration with the military service organs of counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts and upon approval by military organs at a higher level.
預(yù)備役軍官按照規(guī)定服預(yù)備役已滿最高年齡的，退出預(yù)備役。
Reserve officers who have attained the maximum age stipulated for reserve service shall be discharged from such service.
第五章 軍事院校從青年學(xué)生中招收的學(xué)員
CHAPTER V CADETS ENROLLED BY MILITARY INSTITUTES AND ACADEMIES FROM AMONG YOUNG STUDENTS
| 第三十條 根據(jù)軍隊(duì)建設(shè)的需要，軍事院�？梢詮那嗄陮W(xué)生中招收學(xué)員。招收學(xué)員的年齡，不受征集服現(xiàn)役年齡的限制。
Article 30. Military institutes and academies may, according to needs in building up the armed forces, enroll cadets from among young students. The age limit for the cadets to be enrolled need not be the same as that for the active servicemen to be enlisted.
第三十一條 學(xué)員完成學(xué)業(yè)考試合格的，由院校發(fā)給畢業(yè)證書(shū)，按照規(guī)定任命為現(xiàn)役軍官或者文職干部。
Article 31. Cadets who have completed their studies and passed their examinations shall be given a diploma by the institutes or academies and shall be appointed officers in active service or civilian cadres according to relevant regulations.
第三十二條 學(xué)員學(xué)完規(guī)定的科目，考試不合格的，由院校發(fā)給結(jié)業(yè)證書(shū)，回入學(xué)前戶口所在地，由縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民政府按照國(guó)家同等院校結(jié)業(yè)生的安置辦法安置。
Article 32. Cadets who have completed the required courses but have failed in the examinations shall be given a certificate of their completion of the courses by the institutes or academies and return to their places of residence before they enrolled in such military institutes or academies, and shall be placed by the people's governments of their respective counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts according to state regulations on the placement for those who have completed their studies at other colleges and schools of similar status.
第三十三條 學(xué)員因患慢性疾病或者其他原因不宜在軍事院校繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí) ， 經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)退學(xué)的，由院校發(fā)給肄業(yè)證書(shū)，由入學(xué)前戶口所在地的縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民政府接收安置。
Article 33. Cadets who suffer from chronic diseases or are otherwise unfit for continuing their studies at military institutes or academies and who thus leave school upon approval shall be given a certificate by the institutes or academies of the amount of academic work they have done and shall be accepted for placement by the people's governments of the counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts at their places of residence before they enrolled in such institutes or academies.
第三十四條 學(xué)員被開(kāi)除學(xué)籍的，由入學(xué)前戶口所在地的縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民政府接收，按照國(guó)家同等院校開(kāi)除學(xué)籍學(xué)生的處理辦法辦理。
Article 34. Cadets dismissed from school shall be accepted by the people's governments of the counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts at their places of residence before enrollment, which shall treat them according to the state regulations on the treatment of students dismissed from other colleges and schools of similar status.
第三十五條 本法第三十一條、第三十二條、第三十三第、第三十四條的規(guī)定，也適用于從現(xiàn)役士兵中招收的學(xué)員。
Article 35. The provisions of Articles 31, 32, 33 and 34 of this Law shall also apply to cadets enrolled from among soldiers in active service.
第六章 民 兵
CHAPTER VI THE MILITIA
第三十六條 民兵是不脫離生產(chǎn)的群眾武裝組織 ， 是中國(guó)人民解放軍的助手和后備力量。
Article 36. The militia is an armed organization of the masses not divorced from production, and is an assisting and reserve force for the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
民兵的任務(wù)是：
The tasks of the militia shall be:
（一）積極參加社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，帶頭完成生產(chǎn)和各項(xiàng)任務(wù)；
(1) take an active part in the socialist modernization and be exemplary in completing the tasks in production and other fields;
�。ǘ⿹�(dān)負(fù)戰(zhàn)備勤務(wù)，保衛(wèi)邊疆，維護(hù)社會(huì)治安；
(2) undertake the duties related to preparations against war, defend the frontiers and maintain public order; and
�。ㄈ╇S時(shí)準(zhǔn)備參軍參戰(zhàn)，抵抗侵略，保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)。
(3) be always ready to join the armed forces to take part in war, resist aggression and defend the motherland.
第三十七條 鄉(xiāng)、民族鄉(xiāng)、鎮(zhèn)和企業(yè)事業(yè)單位建立民兵組織。
Article 37. Militia organizations shall be set up in townships, nationality townships, towns, enterprises and institutions.
凡十八歲至三十五歲符合服兵役條件的男性公民，除應(yīng)征服現(xiàn)役的以外，編入民兵組織服預(yù)備役。民兵干部的年齡可以適當(dāng)放寬。
Male citizens who belong to the 18-35 age group and are fit for military service, excluding those enlisted for active service, shall be regimented into militia units to perform reserve service. The age limit for militia cadres may be handled flexibly.
不建立民兵組織的單位，按照規(guī)定對(duì)符合服兵役條件的男性公民，進(jìn)行預(yù)備役登記。
In units where no militia organizations are to be established, male citizens qualified for military service shall be registered for reserve service in accordance with the regulations.
第三十八條 民兵分為基干民兵和普通民兵。二十八歲以下的退出現(xiàn)役的士兵和經(jīng)過(guò)軍事訓(xùn)練的人員，以及選定參加軍事訓(xùn)練的人員，編為基干民兵；其余十八歲至三十五歲符合服兵役條件的男性公民，編為普通民兵。
Article 38. The militia shall consist of a primary militia and an ordinary militia. A selected group of militiamen under 28 years of age, including soldiers discharged from active service and other persons who have received or are selected for military training, shall be regimented into the primary militia; other male citizens belonging to the age group of 18 to 35 who are qualified for military service shall be regimented into the ordinary militia.
根據(jù)需要，吸收女性公民參加基干民兵。
The primary militia may recruit female citizens when necessary.
陸海邊疆、少數(shù)民族地區(qū)和城市有特殊情況的單位，基干民兵的年齡可以適當(dāng)放寬。
The age limit for primary militiamen may be extended appropriately in frontier areas on land or sea, areas inhabited by minority nationalities as well as urban units in special circumstances.
第七章 預(yù)備役人員的軍事訓(xùn)練
CHAPTER VII MILITARY TRAINING FOR RESERVISTS
第三十九條 預(yù)備役士兵的軍事訓(xùn)練，在民兵組織中進(jìn)行，或者單獨(dú)進(jìn)行。
Article 39. Military training for soldiers in reserve service shall be conducted either in militia organizations or separately.
未服過(guò)現(xiàn)役的基干民兵，在十八歲至二十歲期間，應(yīng)當(dāng)參加三十天至四十天的軍事訓(xùn)練；專業(yè)技術(shù)民兵的訓(xùn)練時(shí)間，按照實(shí)際需要適當(dāng)延長(zhǎng)。
Primary militiamen belonging to the age group of 18-20 who have not been in active service shall receive military training for 30 to 40 days; the period of training for professional and technical militiamen may be extended appropriately according to actual needs.
服過(guò)現(xiàn)役和受過(guò)軍事訓(xùn)練的基干民兵的復(fù)習(xí)訓(xùn)練，普通民兵和未編入民兵組織的預(yù)備役士兵的軍事訓(xùn)練，按照中央軍事委員會(huì)的規(guī)定進(jìn)行。
The retraining of primary militiamen who have performed active service or have received military training and the military training for ordinary militiamen and for soldiers in reserve service who are not regimented into militia organizations shall be conducted as provided for by the Central Military Commission.
第四十條 預(yù)備役軍官在服預(yù)備役期間，應(yīng)當(dāng)參加三個(gè)月至六個(gè)月的軍事訓(xùn)練。
Article 40. Officers in reserve service shall receive military training for three to six months during the period of their reserve service.
第四十一條 國(guó)務(wù)院和中央軍事委員會(huì)在必要的時(shí)候，可以決定預(yù)備役人員參加應(yīng)急訓(xùn)練。
Article 41. The State Council and the Central Military Commission may, when necessary, decide that the reservists shall participate in emergency training.
第四十二條 機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、企業(yè)事業(yè)單位的預(yù)備役人員，在參加軍事訓(xùn)練期間，由原單位照發(fā)工資和獎(jiǎng)金，原有的福利待遇不變。
Article 42. During the period of military training, reservists in government organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions shall receive their wages and bonuses from their respective units as usual, and their welfare benefits shall not be affected either.
農(nóng)村的預(yù)備役人員，在參加軍事訓(xùn)練期間，由鄉(xiāng)、民族鄉(xiāng)、鎮(zhèn)的人民政府采取平衡負(fù)擔(dān)的辦法，按照同等勞力的收入給予誤工補(bǔ)貼。
Reservists in rural areas shall, during the period of military training, be subsidized for the loss of work time according to the income of similar workers through an equal sharing of the burden effected by the people's governments of townships, nationality townships, and towns.
第八章 高等院校和高級(jí)中學(xué)學(xué)生的軍事訓(xùn)練
CHAPTER VIII MILITARY TRAINING FOR STUDENTS OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING AND STUDENTS OF SENIOR MIDDLE SCHOOLS
第四十三條 高等院校的學(xué)生在就學(xué)期間，必須接受基本軍事訓(xùn)練。
Article 43. Students of institutions of higher learning must receive basic military training during the period of their schooling.
根據(jù)國(guó)防建設(shè)的需要，對(duì)適合擔(dān)任軍官職務(wù)的學(xué)生，再進(jìn)行短期集中訓(xùn)練，考核合格的，經(jīng)軍事機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)，服軍官預(yù)備役。
To meet the needs of national defence, additional short-term, concentrated training shall be given to students fit for the posts of officers, and those who are considered as qualified after assessment shall serve in the officers reserve upon approval by military organs.
第四十四條 高等院校設(shè)軍事訓(xùn)練機(jī)構(gòu)，配備軍事教員，組織實(shí)施學(xué)生的軍事訓(xùn)練。
Article 44. Offices in charge of military training shall be set up and military instructors provided in institutions of higher learning to organize and conduct the military training of the students.
第四十三條第二款規(guī)定的培養(yǎng)預(yù)備役軍官的短期集中訓(xùn)練，由軍事部門(mén)派出現(xiàn)役軍官與高等院校軍事訓(xùn)練機(jī)構(gòu)共同組織實(shí)施。
The short-term, concentrated training for promoting people as reserve officers prescribed in paragraph 2 of Article 43 shall be organized and conducted jointly by officers in active service sent from military organs and the offices of the institutions of higher learning in charge of military training.
第四十五條 高級(jí)中學(xué)和相當(dāng)于高級(jí)中學(xué)的學(xué)校 ， 配備軍事教員，對(duì)學(xué)生實(shí)施軍事訓(xùn)練。
Article 45. Senior middle schools and schools equivalent to them shall be provided with military instructors to conduct military training for the students.
第四十六條 高等院校和高級(jí)中學(xué)學(xué)生的軍事訓(xùn)練，由教育部、國(guó)防部負(fù)責(zé)。教育部門(mén)和軍事部門(mén)設(shè)學(xué)生軍事訓(xùn)練的工作機(jī)構(gòu)或者配備專人，承辦學(xué)生軍事訓(xùn)練工作。
Article 46. The military training of students of institutions of higher learning and students of senior middle schools shall be under the charge of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of National Defence. Educational departments and military departments shall set up agencies or appoint full-time personnel to handle matters concerning the military training of students.
第九章 戰(zhàn)時(shí)兵員動(dòng)員
CHAPTER IX MOBILIZATION OF TROOPS IN WARTIME
第四十七條 為了對(duì)付敵人的突然襲擊，抵抗侵略，各級(jí)人民政府、各級(jí)軍事機(jī)關(guān)，在平時(shí)必須做好戰(zhàn)時(shí)兵員動(dòng)員的準(zhǔn)備工作。
Article 47. In order to cope with an enemy's surprise attack and resist aggression, people's governments and military organs at all levels must, in peace time, make preparations for the mobilization of troops in wartime.
第四十八條 在國(guó)家發(fā)布動(dòng)員令以后，各級(jí)人民政府、各級(jí)軍事機(jī)關(guān)，必須迅速實(shí)施動(dòng)員：
Article 48. Upon the issuance of a mobilization order by the state, people's governments and military organs at all levels must promptly carry out the mobilization:
�。ㄒ唬┈F(xiàn)役軍人停止退出現(xiàn)役，休假、探親的軍人必須立即歸隊(duì)；
(1) Active servicemen must not be discharged from active service, and those on vacation or on home leave must immediately return to their respective units.
（二）預(yù)備役人員隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)召服現(xiàn)役， 在接到通知后， 必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)到指定的地點(diǎn)報(bào)到；
(2) Reservists must be ready to be called into active service at any time and, as soon as they are notified, must punctually report at the designated places.
�。ㄈC(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、企業(yè)事業(yè)單位和鄉(xiāng)、民族鄉(xiāng)、鎮(zhèn)的人民政府負(fù)責(zé)人，必須組織本單位被征召的預(yù)備役人員，按照規(guī)定的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)報(bào)到；
(3) Responsible persons of government organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions and of the people's governments of townships, nationality townships, and towns must see to it that the reservists in their respective units who have been called up report at the designated places on time.
（四）交通運(yùn)輸部門(mén)要優(yōu)先運(yùn)送應(yīng)召的預(yù)備役人員和返回部隊(duì)的現(xiàn)役軍人。
(4) Transportation departments must provide priority transportation for reservists who have been called up and for active servicemen returning to their units in the armed forces.
第四十九條 戰(zhàn)時(shí)遇有特殊情況，國(guó)務(wù)院和中央軍事委員會(huì)可以決定征召三十六歲至四十五歲的男性公民服現(xiàn)役。
Article 49. The State Council and the Central Military Commission may decide to call into active service male citizens of the age of 3645 in special wartime circumstances.
第五十條 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后， 需要復(fù)員的現(xiàn)役軍人， 根據(jù)國(guó)務(wù)院和中央軍事委員的復(fù)員命令，分期分批地退出現(xiàn)役，由各級(jí)人民政府妥善安置。
Article 50. When the war is over, active servicemen to be demobilized shall be discharged from active service in staggered groups in accordance with the demobilization order issued by the State Council and the Central Military Commission, and shall be properly placed by the people's governments at various levels.
第十章 現(xiàn)役軍人的優(yōu)待和退出現(xiàn)役的安置
CHAPTER X PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR ACTIVE SERVICEMEN AND PLACEMENT OF EX-SERVICEMEN
第五十一條 現(xiàn)役軍人，革命殘廢軍人，退出現(xiàn)役的軍人，革命烈士家屬，犧牲、病故軍人家屬，現(xiàn)役軍人家屬，應(yīng)當(dāng)受到社會(huì)的尊重，受到國(guó)家和人民群眾的優(yōu)待。
Article 51. Active servicemen, disabled revolutionary armymen, ex-servicemen, and family members of revolutionary martyrs, of armymen who were killed in action or died of diseases, and of active servicemen shall be esteemed by the general public and given preferential treatment by the state and the masses of people.
第五十二條 革命殘廢軍人乘坐火車、輪船、飛機(jī)、長(zhǎng)途汽車，優(yōu)先購(gòu)票，并按照規(guī)定享受減價(jià)優(yōu)待。
Article 52. Disabled revolutionary armymen shall enjoy priority in buying tickets at favourable discount prices according to relevant regulations when travelling by train, ship, airplane or long-distance bus.
義務(wù)兵從部隊(duì)發(fā)出的平信，免費(fèi)郵遞。
Ordinary mail sent by conscripts from their units shall be free of charge.
第五十三條 現(xiàn)役軍人參戰(zhàn)或者因公負(fù)傷致殘的，由部隊(duì)評(píng)定殘廢等級(jí)，發(fā)給革命殘廢軍人撫恤證。
Article 53. Active servicemen who are wounded or disabled while taking part in military operations or performing military duties shall be graded for their disability by their army units and be given pension certificates for disabled revolutionary armymen.
退出現(xiàn)役的特等、一等革命殘廢軍人，由國(guó)家供養(yǎng)終身。二等、三等革命殘廢軍人，家居城鎮(zhèn)的，由本人所在地的縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民政府安排力所能及的工作；
Disabled revolutionary armymen of Special Grade and First Grade discharged from active service shall be provided for by the state throughout their lives. Disabled revolutionary armymen of Second and Third Grades who are residents of cities or towns shall be given jobs suited to their abilities by the people's governments of their counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts;
家居農(nóng)村的，其所在地區(qū)有條件的，可以在企業(yè)事業(yè)單位安排適當(dāng)工作，不能安排的，按照規(guī)定增發(fā)殘廢撫恤金，保障他們的生活。
those who are residents of rural areas may be given suitable jobs in enterprises or institutions if this can be done locally, or they may get an increase in the pension for the disabled in accordance with relevant regulations as a guarantee for their livelihood.
第五十四條 家居農(nóng)村的義務(wù)兵家屬，由鄉(xiāng)、民族鄉(xiāng)、鎮(zhèn)的人民政府采取平衡負(fù)擔(dān)的辦法給予優(yōu)待。優(yōu)待的具體辦法和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的人民政府規(guī)定。
Article 54. Families of conscripts which reside in rural areas shall be given favourable treatment through an equal sharing of the burden to be effected by the people's governments of townships, nationality townships or towns. The specific measures and standards for such favourable treatment shall be formulated by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
家居城鎮(zhèn)的義務(wù)兵家屬，生活困難的，由縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民政府給予適當(dāng)補(bǔ)助。
Families of conscripts which reside in cities and towns and which face financial difficulties shall be given appropriate subsidies by the people's governments of counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts.
第五十五條 現(xiàn)役軍人犧牲、病故，由國(guó)家發(fā)給其家屬一次撫恤金。其家屬無(wú)勞動(dòng)能力或者無(wú)固定收入不能維持生活的，再由國(guó)家定期發(fā)給撫恤金。
Article 55. A pension in a lump sum shall be given by the state to the family of an active serviceman who was killed in action or died of a disease. If the family cannot provide for itself because it has no one who can work or because it has no regular income, it shall be given a periodical pension by the state.
第五十六條 義務(wù)兵退出現(xiàn)役后，按照從那里來(lái)、回那里去的原則，由原征集的縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民政府接收安置：
Article 56. Conscripts discharged from active service shall, on the principle of returning to the place where they came from, be accepted and placed by the people's governments of the counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts where they were enlisted:
（一）家居農(nóng)村的義務(wù)兵退出現(xiàn)役后，由鄉(xiāng)、民族鄉(xiāng)、鎮(zhèn)的人民政府妥善安排他們的生產(chǎn)和生活。機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、企業(yè)事業(yè)單位在農(nóng)村招收職工時(shí)，對(duì)他們給予適當(dāng)照顧。
(1) Conscripts who are residents of rural areas, when discharged from active service, shall be provided with proper arrangements for their work and livelihood by the people's governments of townships, nationality townships and towns. Government organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions shall give appropriate preference to them when recruiting staff and workers from rural areas.
�。ǘ┘揖映擎�(zhèn)的義務(wù)兵退出現(xiàn)役后，由縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民政府安排工作。
(2) Conscripts who are residents of cities and towns, when discharged from active service, shall be given jobs by the people's governments of counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts.
入伍前是機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、企業(yè)事業(yè)單位正式職工的，允許復(fù)工、復(fù)職。
Those who, prior to enlistment, had been regular staff members or workers of government organs, public organizations, enterprises or institutions shall be allowed to resume their original work or positions.
�。ㄈ┝x務(wù)兵退出現(xiàn)役后，報(bào)考高等院校和中等專業(yè)學(xué)校，在和其他考生同等條件，優(yōu)先錄取。
(3) When conscripts discharged from active service take entrance examinations for institutions of higher learning or secondary vocational schools, they shall enjoy enrollment priority over contenders who are equally qualified in other respects.
第五十七條 在服現(xiàn)役期間患精神病的義務(wù)兵退出現(xiàn)役后，視病情輕重，送地方醫(yī)院收容治療或者回家休養(yǎng)， 所需醫(yī)療和生活費(fèi)用，由縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民政府負(fù)責(zé)。
Article 57. Conscripts discharged from active service because of mental disorder acquired during the period of their active service shall, depending on the seriousness of their cases, be sent to a civilian hospital for medical treatment or sent home for recuperation. Their medical and living expenses shall be borne by the people's governments of their respective counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts.
在服現(xiàn)役期間患過(guò)慢性病的義務(wù)兵退出現(xiàn)役后，舊病復(fù)發(fā)需要治療的，由當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)給予治療，所需醫(yī)療和生活費(fèi)用，本人經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的，由縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民政府給予補(bǔ)助。
Conscripts discharged from active service who contracted chronic diseases during the period of their active service and who need medical treatment because of a recurrence of such diseases shall be treated by a civilian medical institution. If they have financial difficulties and cannot meet the necessary medical and living expenses, the people's governments of their counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts shall give them a subsidy.
第五十八條 志愿兵退出現(xiàn)役后，由原征集的縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民政府安排工作；遇有特殊情況，也可以由上一級(jí)或者省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的人民政府統(tǒng)籌安排；自愿回鄉(xiāng)參加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的，給予鼓勵(lì)，增發(fā)安家補(bǔ)助費(fèi)。
Article 58. Volunteers discharged from active service shall be given jobs by the people's governments of their counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts where they were enlisted; in special cases they may also be placed through an overall arrangement by the people's governments at the next higher level or of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government. Those who wish to return to the rural areas to take part in agricultural production shall be encouraged to do so and given extra subsidies for setting up a home there.
志愿兵在服現(xiàn)役期間，參戰(zhàn)或者因公致殘、積勞成疾基本喪失工作能力的，辦理退休手續(xù)，由原征集的縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民政府或者其直系親屬所在地的縣、自治縣、市、市轄區(qū)的人民政府接收安置。
Volunteers who have basically lost their ability to work because they were disabled while taking part in military operations or performing military duties or because their health broke down as a result of constant overwork during the period of their active service shall go through the procedures of retirement and shall be accepted and taken care of by the people's governments of the counties, autonomous counties, cities or municipal districts where they were enlisted or where their lineal relatives reside.
第五十九條 軍官退出現(xiàn)役后，由國(guó)家妥善安置。
Article 59. Officers discharged from active service shall be properly placed by the state.
第六十條 民兵因參戰(zhàn)執(zhí)勤犧牲、殘廢的，預(yù)備役人員和學(xué)生因參加軍事訓(xùn)練犧牲、殘廢的，由當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裾凑彰癖鴵嵝魞?yōu)待條例給予撫恤優(yōu)待。
Article 60. In cases where militiamen died or were disabled while taking part in military operations or performing military duties, or where reservists or students died or were disabled while taking part in military training, pensions and preferential treatment shall be granted by the local people's governments in accordance with the Regulations on Pensions and Preferential Treatment Concerning Militiamen.
第十一章 懲 處
CHAPTER XI PUNISHMENTS
第六十一條 按照本法規(guī)定，有服兵役義務(wù)的公民拒絕、逃避兵役登記的，應(yīng)征公民拒絕、逃避征集的，預(yù)備役人員拒絕、逃避軍事訓(xùn)練的，經(jīng)教育不改，基層人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)強(qiáng)制其履行兵役義務(wù)。
Article 61. If any citizen who, pursuant to the provisions of this Law, has the duty to perform military service refuses to register for military service or evades such registration, if any citizen who is eligible for enlistment refuses to be enlisted or evades enlistment, or if a reservist refuses to undergo military training or evades such training, and if any such person refuses to mend his ways in spite of persuasion, the people's government at the grassroots shall compel him to fulfil his duty of performing military service.
在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，預(yù)備役人員拒絕、逃避征召或者拒絕、逃避軍事訓(xùn)練，情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，比照《中華人民共和國(guó)懲治軍人違反職責(zé)罪暫行條例》第六條第一款的規(guī)定處罰。
In wartime, if a reservist refuses to be called into active service or evades such service, or if he refuses to undergo military training or evades such training, and if the cases is a serious one, he shall be punished with reference to the first paragraph of Article 6 of the Interim Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Punishment of Servicemen Who Commit Crimes Contrary to Their Duties.
第六十二條 國(guó)家工作人員辦理兵役工作時(shí)，收受賄賂、營(yíng)私舞弊的，或者玩忽職守，致使兵役工作遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p失的，分別依照《中華人民共和國(guó)刑法》第一百八十五條、第一百八十七條的規(guī)定處罰。情節(jié)較輕的，可以給予行政處分。
Article 62. State functionaries who take bribes or engage in malpractices for selfish purposes while conducting military service work or who cause serious losses to such work by their dereliction of duty shall be punished, as the circumstances may require, according to the provisions of Articles 185 and 187 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China. Administrative sanctions may be given where the circumstances are less serious.
第六十三條 本法適用于中國(guó)人民武裝警察部隊(duì)。
Article 63. This Law shall apply to the Chinese People's Armed Police Force.
第六十四條 中國(guó)人民解放軍根據(jù)需要配備文職干部。文職干部條例另定。
Article 64. The Chinese People's Liberation Army shall, when necessary, provide itself with civilian cadres. The regulations on civilian cadres shall be formulated separately.
第六十五條 本法自一九八四年十月一日起施行。
Article 65. This Law shall come into force on October 1, 1984
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